Winter Blues or Depression?

All people, at some point, experience one or more of the symptoms of depression. It is normal for our moods to cycle moderately while we balance demands at work and at home, while coping with short- or long-term illness or when dealing with loss of a loved one. Mood fluctuations are more pronounced during the winter. Typically in the warmer months, we spend more time outside breathing in fresh air, getting more sunshine and physical activity. We often socialize more rather than hunkering down until the colder weather passes. We are also more likely to eat healthier as we crave fewer “comfort” foods. As a result, we may sleep better. All of these factors may be protective, to some extent, from depression and even the so-called blues.

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a condition marked by the onset of depression during autumn and early winter, when less natural sunlight is available. It’s thought to occur when daily body rhythms become out of-sync because of the reduced sunlight. Production of serotonin, key in influencing our mood, is turned on in the morning upon exposure to light. During the winter when there is less sunlight, serotonin levels can drop, making us feel tired and prone to SAD. Many people toss around the words “depression” or “depressed” to describe their moods in the moment. So how do we know if we are experiencing a normal mood fluctuation that is typical for the winter months or a major depressive episode?